Religion
The Ancient Egyptians were very religious.
They believed in the afterlife, and this led to them mummifying bodies. As a result of this they learnt more about anatomy
Writing
The Egyptians developed writing.
This enabled them to record their ideas and medical successes.
Famous Egyptian books include the Papyrus Ebers and the Papyrus Edwin Smith.
Disease
Religious belief meant that Egyptians were very clean, so disease wouldn't spread rapidly.
They treated diseases with herbs and drugs. Not to tackle the disease though, they thought the drugs drove out evil spirits.
Surgery
The Egyptians were able to remove cists and abscesses.
Although they had developed knowledge of anatomy, they couldn't dissect which meant that surgical skills developed: but not as far as they may have done.
Changes
The Egyptians started to use natural, practical cures for illness.
They were the first civilisation to write down medical procedures.
Continuity
Egyptians continued to believe that disease was sent by the Gods.
They continued to use Supernatural cures for many ailments
