Why were the
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working class so angry in the 19th century? The working class had no right to vote or could not
afford to be
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working . Their living conditions were awful with poor housing and sanitation. Their working
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working were often unbearable and dangerous. People believed that if they won the right to vote they
could improve their living and working conditions. Therefore the campaign for the vote was a
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working to
ultimately improve their lives.
They had seen the 1832 Reform
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working achieve nothing substantial for the working class. The only benefit was
that industrial
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working got representation from MPs for the first time but still the needs of the working
class were not met.
Out of this anger came a movement called
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working led by Feargus O’Connor. He was the leader of
the
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working Chartists ( they were not afraid of using violence).) They campaigned for all men to get the
vote (vote for
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working was not yet considered an issue). Lovell was the leader of the moral chartists - they
were more involved in reform using
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working means.
They presented a six point charter asking for changes. These included:
1) including the vote for men over twenty-one
2) secret
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working 2)
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working of MPs.
At first the chartists peacefully petitioned
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working and by May 1839 1.2 million people signed the
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working but it was rejected. In July 1839 Chartists clashed with police and
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working in Birmingham and this was followed by protests in Newport where 20 protesters were
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working and the leaders were transported to
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working . In 1840 500 Chartists, including O’Connor were jailed and in 1842 their second
petition was rejected. Working class people now suffered as wages were cut by 25% and there was a rise in
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working . The Chartists petition now had 3 million signatures but was
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working . Working classes now went on strike in
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working and strikers fought the army. After people were jailed, the strikers returned to work.
Chartism died out after
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working . There are several
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working for this. It was a boom time with growing industry and
better wages so people were not as unhappy. The government had also acted
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working to put down any trouble
before it really started. There were arguments between the leaders showing some disunity. The positive effects of Chartism were that many
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working said they were impressed how many working class now educated themselves and gave more peaceful
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working .
Even though Chartism failed there were reforms which followed. These were:
1867 Reform Act gave most working class men in towns the vote and voters
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working to 2 million
1870 Education Act meant councils provided
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working 1871 Bank Holiday Act: by law everyone was given
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working from work
1872 Secret Ballot Act: voting in
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working cutting out bribes
1875 Public Health Act: all towns to provide
1848 Act Australia ballot campaign Chartism cities clean conditions doubled holidays killed Manchester MPs Parliament payment peaceful petition physical politicians protests quickly reasons rejected schools secret soldiers unemployment women working water and dispose of sewage and waste
1891 Education Act: no one has to pay to go to school
Extension task 1. Now think of yourself as a Chartist. What do you think is the best way to get the changes you want eg violence or petition? Explain your answer.
2. Why were all the reforms above passed after 1867?