Is Sociology a Science?

Objectives
1. To investigate and revise positivist, interpretivist, postmodernist and realist approaches to Sociology

1. Complete and print the exercise then create revision cards for positivism, interpretivism, postmodernism and realism using the exercise and your other resources

   causes      free      hypothesis      inappropriate      knowledge      laws      Marxism      natural      objective      objective      observation      Positivist      Postmodernists      qualitative      quantitative      reliable      rigorous      scientific      scientific      subjective      suicide      testing      think      thought      trends      understand   
sociologists believe that human behaviour in society is governed by discoverable social . If sociologists study the observable features of society in a way they believe they can uncover these social laws. Positivists just like scientists use methods which are and value free.
For these reasons positivist sociologists favour methods and data. For positivists research findings and methods must be subject to rigorous procedures. Data must be .

An example of positivist sociology is Durkheim’s study of . Durkheim established a hypothesis and gathered quantitative data using appropriate methods (the comparative method). Durkheim argued that his results were reliable and supported his .

Interpretivists (interactionists) do not believe that human behaviour can be understood in this way. Humans and reflect have consciousness and will. This makes the study of the social world fundamentally different from the study of the world. An approach which mirrors the natural scientific approach is therefore seen by interpretivists as as the items scientists tend to study - atoms, chemicals etc. do not have the power of and reflection.

In order to understand human beings interpretivists argue that sociologists must get to the reasons why social actors behave in an observable way. This can only be achieved through the study of data (thoughts, feelings, ideas and attitudes) generated by qualitative research methods such as . E.G. Philip Bourgois’ covert observation of crack cocaine dealers

are critical of all overarching theories or "met narratives" such as or functionalism. They are also critical of the notion that even the most methods can uncover an truth. For a post modernist all claims of objectivity are actually and should be viewed sceptically. E.G. Anthony Giddens.

This contrasts to Realist sociology. Realists believe that sociology can systematically produce real objective about society and the structures which affect our lives. E.G Sayer and Bhaskar. Realists believe that the objective social of events and can be uncovered through a scientific approach.