Context: The
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women Empire split in Western and Eastern empires in 395 due to pressure from
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women tribes and the Roman Empire eventually collapsed in 476 AD.
As a result there was a more primitive approach to
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and causes and cure of illness in Europe.
Medical knowledge from Rome was preserved in the Eastern Roman
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women (Byzantine). Nestorius was banished
from Jerusalem and settled in
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and set up a centre of medical learning and translated this knowledge
of Hippocrates and Galen into
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women . This meant they were using complete
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and looking at Hippocratic ideas of observation of disease.
The Islamic Arabic civilisation in the Middle
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women was based on the religion of the Prophet
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women (peace be upon him) and was set up in the 7th century. By 1000 AD the empire spread with
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women as the capital. Arabists (following Arabic school of medicine) followed Hippocrates’
clinical observation and the four humours and Galen’s treatment of
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women .
Johannitus was chief
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and had travelled to Greece to collect medical texts which he translated
into Arabic. This knowledge was lost to the west so we could consider that Islamic medicine was more
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women .
The Islamic Empire was ruled by the
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women - he provided stability and an interest in
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women . Caliph Harun started
important developments in medical knowledge so centres of learning and new ideas developed.
Government set up medical schools
931 AD doctors had to pass
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and get a licence
building of hospitals with first in 805 AD which offered treatment not just care as in Europe
Hospitals had
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women wards for different diseases and high standards of
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women .
Hospitals called bimaristans were built which proved care for all (rich, poor, men,
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women , Muslim and
non-Muslim) and doctors and medical students staffed them.
The first hospitals designed for
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women illness were set up called maristans. In the west anyone who had a
mental illness was considered as
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women but in Islamic medicine there was a genuine wish to treat these
people with compassion.
Qur’an stressed duty to care for the
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and study medicine.
..
Arabic alchemists invented techniques such as
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and sublimation and prepared drugs such as
laudanum, benzoin and camphor.
Women
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women were allowed in the Arab world at this time.
Major cities of Baghdad and
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women had piped water and public baths.
Arab doctors increased knowledge by learning from
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and Persian doctors.
Therefore we can see that there was substantial progress made in Islamic medicine. The one factor which held back progress was that no
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women was allowed - this was strictly against their religious beliefs.
Key individuals who made a difference include: 1. Rhazes: followed Hippocratic methods of observation and noted symptoms of
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and measles.
2. Avicenna wrote The Canon of Medicine based on Galen's work. This was later translated to
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and
became the main medical textbook in Europe until 1700.
3. Albucasis: Arab surgeon and wrote on amputation,
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women , dislocations and dentistry
4. Ibn an Nafis: discovered errors in
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women (blood through lungs not pores in septum as Galen said) but his
book was not read in the West and people continued to accept Galen's mistake until the
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women century.
How did ideas spread to the west? Arabic ideas spread to Europe as a result of
advanced Arabic Baghdad barbarian Cairo Caliph dissection distillation doctors East Empire exams fractures Galen hygiene Indian Latin medicine mental Muhammad opposites Persia physician possessed Roman science separate seventeenth sick smallpox texts trade women and Christian Crusades. Doctors who travelled with
armies brought back ideas.
Muslims from North Africa ruled Spain in the Middle Ages and Muslim ideas about medicine came to western Europe through Spain.