The Paris Peace Conference opened on 12th January 1919, meetings were held at various locations in and around Paris until 20th January, 1920. Leaders of 32 states representing about 75% of the world's population, attended. However, negotiations were dominated by the
major powers responsible for
the Central Powers: the United States, Britain, France, Italy and Japan. Important figures in these negotiations included Georges
(France) David Lloyd
(Britain), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Woodrow
(United States).
The main terms of the Versailles Treaty were:
(1) the surrender of all German
as League of Nations mandates;
(2) the return of Alsace-Lorraine to
;
(3) cession of Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium, Memel to Lithuania, the Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia,
(4) Poznania, parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia to
;
(5) Danzig to become a free city;
(6) plebiscites to be held in northern Schleswig to settle the Danish-German frontier;
(7) occupation and special status for the Saar under
control; (8) demilitarization and a fifteen-year occupation of the Rhineland;
(9) German reparations of £6,600
;
(10) a ban on the
of Germany and Austria;
(11) an acceptance of Germany's
in causing the war;
(11) provision for the trial of the former Kaiser and other war leaders;
(12) limitation of Germany's army to 100,000
with no conscription, no tanks, no heavy artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no
and no airships;
(13) the limitation of the German
to vessels under 100,000 tons, with no submarines;
Germany signed the Versailles Treaty under
. Many people in France and Britain were angry that there was no trial of the
or the other war leaders.