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The Jacobite Rebellion: Battle of Culloden 1746

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The of 1707 between
and
was unpopular with the majority of Scotland. There was
discontent with riots as famine was also made worse by union
. The Union was designed to put an end to Jacobite hopes of a Stuart restoration (a
Jacobite supported the exiled royal house of ).
supported Scotland and the Stuarts' claim to the English
. France said they would supply James Edward Stuart (James IIs son) with
if he invaded England. He was not keen but his
Charles Stuart nicknamed Bonnie Prince Charlie) was
and he began to build his
in Scotland. He persuaded Catholics living in the
to join him in 1745 but English
would not join his army. He beat the English at Prestonpans and
he marched into England. However no help arrived from the and he had to change plans and return to
Scotland.

prestonpans

This time an English army led by the Duke of Cumberland followed Charles back into Scotland. They outnumbered the Scots who were chased into the Scottish Highlands. On 16 April 1746 the armies met at
Moor and the Scots were
. Charles escaped and eventually made it back to France.
The English king, George II, told the Duke of to punish the Scots for supporting Charles. Many
of those who had joined Charles' army were and their land was given to those who had
remained to the king. After their victory the English were determined to make sure the highland
did not rebel again. The English army killed any Highlander they could find -
even those who had not joined Charles Stuart's Jacobite army. There were cases of highland and children being murdered.
Highlander's were destroyed and their cattle taken away. 40,000 emigrated to America unable to
survive without their . Laws were passed that made it illegal for Highlanders to
weapons, wear tartan clothes or play their
.